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Organic Chemistry

Carbanion

An organic ion in which a carbon atom bears a negative charge and a lone pair.

Formula / equation R₃C⁻
Unit Dimensionless

In depth

Carbanions are pyramidal and strongly basic and nucleophilic. Their stability increases with the s character of the orbital holding the lone pair and with adjacent electron-withdrawing groups, which is why terminal alkynes and beta-dicarbonyl compounds are unusually acidic.

Examples in the real world

The acetylide ion; enolate ions in aldol reactions; the carbon nucleophile of a Grignard reagent.