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Alcohol Organic Chemistry Dimensionless An organic compound containing a hydroxyl group bonded to a saturated carbon atom. R–OH Aldehyde Organic Chemistry Dimensionless A compound containing a carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom, so it lies at the end of a chain. R–CHO Aldol Condensation Organic Chemistry Dimensionless The base-catalysed reaction of two carbonyl compounds to give a beta-hydroxy carbonyl, which often dehydrates to an enone. 2RCH₂CHO → RCH₂CH(OH)CHRCHO Alkali Metals Atomic Structure & Periodicity Dimensionless The group 1 elements — lithium through francium — which have a single valence s electron. ns¹ Alkaline Earth Metals Atomic Structure & Periodicity Dimensionless The group 2 elements — beryllium through radium — which have two valence s electrons. ns² Alkane Organic Chemistry Dimensionless A saturated hydrocarbon containing only single carbon–carbon bonds. CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ Alkene Organic Chemistry Dimensionless An unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon–carbon double bond. CₙH₂ₙ Alkyne Organic Chemistry Dimensionless An unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon–carbon triple bond. CₙH₂ₙ₋₂ Allotropy Foundations of Chemistry Dimensionless The existence of an element in two or more distinct structural forms within the same physical state. Alloy Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry Dimensionless A metallic material made by combining a metal with one or more other elements. Alpha Decay Nuclear & Radiochemistry MeV Radioactive decay in which a nucleus emits a helium-4 nucleus, losing two protons and two neutrons. ᴬ_Z X → ᴬ⁻⁴_Z₋₂ Y + ⁴₂He Ambidentate Ligand Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry Dimensionless A monodentate ligand possessing two different potential donor atoms, either of which may bind. Amide Organic Chemistry Dimensionless A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded directly to nitrogen. R–CO–NH₂ Amine Organic Chemistry Dimensionless A compound derived from ammonia by replacing one or more hydrogens with alkyl or aryl groups. R–NH₂, R₂NH, R₃N Amino Acid Biochemistry & Polymer Chemistry Dimensionless An organic compound containing both an amino group and a carboxyl group attached to the same carbon. H₂N–CHR–COOH Amorphous Solid States of Matter & Gas Laws Dimensionless A solid whose particles lack long-range order, showing only the short-range regularity characteristic of a frozen liquid. Amphiprotic Species Acids, Bases & Salts Dimensionless A species that can both donate and accept a proton. Amphoteric Substance Acids, Bases & Salts Dimensionless A substance able to react as either an acid or a base depending on what it meets. Analyte Analytical Chemistry & Spectroscopy mol/L The specific substance whose presence or amount is being determined in an analysis. Analytical Chemistry Analytical Chemistry & Spectroscopy Dimensionless The branch of chemistry concerned with identifying substances and determining how much of each is present. Anhydrous Foundations of Chemistry Dimensionless Describing a substance from which all water, including water of crystallisation, has been removed. Anion Foundations of Chemistry C (charge) A negatively charged ion produced when an atom or molecule gains one or more electrons. X + n e⁻ → Xⁿ⁻ Anisotropy States of Matter & Gas Laws Dimensionless The dependence of a physical property on the direction in which it is measured. Anode Electrochemistry & Redox Dimensionless The electrode at which oxidation occurs.