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Nuclear & Radiochemistry

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Nuclear & Radiochemistry

Radiation Dose

A measure of the energy deposited in matter by ionising radiation.

D = E / m Gy
Nuclear & Radiochemistry

Radioactive Activity

The number of nuclear disintegrations occurring in a sample per unit time.

A = λN Bq
Nuclear & Radiochemistry

Radioactive Decay Series

A sequence of successive radioactive decays leading from a long-lived parent to a stable end product.

Dimensionless
Nuclear & Radiochemistry

Radioactive Half-Life

The time required for half the nuclei in a radioactive sample to decay.

t½ = 0.693 / λ s
Nuclear & Radiochemistry

Radioactive Tracer

A radioisotope introduced into a system so that its pathway can be followed by detecting its radiation.

Bq
Nuclear & Radiochemistry

Radioactive Waste

Material containing radionuclides for which no further use is foreseen and which requires controlled disposal.

Bq/kg
Nuclear & Radiochemistry

Radioactivity

The spontaneous emission of particles or electromagnetic radiation from unstable atomic nuclei.

Bq
Nuclear & Radiochemistry

Radiocarbon Dating

A dating technique that determines the age of organic material from its residual carbon-14 content.

t = (t½ / 0.693) ln(N₀/N) years
Nuclear & Radiochemistry

Radioisotope

An isotope of an element whose nucleus is unstable and undergoes radioactive decay.

Dimensionless
Nuclear & Radiochemistry

Radiolysis

The chemical decomposition of a substance caused by ionising radiation.

H₂O →(radiation) H· + OH· Dimensionless
Nuclear & Radiochemistry

Radiometric Dating

The general technique of determining the age of a sample from the decay of a radioactive nuclide it contains.

t = (1/λ) ln(1 + D/P) years
Nuclear & Radiochemistry

Radiopharmaceutical

A radioactive compound administered to a patient for diagnosis or treatment.

MBq
Nuclear & Radiochemistry

Radiotherapy

The medical use of ionising radiation to destroy cancerous tissue.

Gy