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Foundations of Chemistry

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Foundations of Chemistry

Percentage Composition

The proportion by mass of each element in a compound, expressed as a percentage of the total mass.

% element = (n × A_r / M_r) × 100 Dimensionless Foundations of Chemistry

Physical Change

A change that alters the form or state of a substance while leaving its chemical composition intact.

Dimensionless Foundations of Chemistry

Physical Property

A characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without altering its chemical identity.

Various Foundations of Chemistry

Polyatomic Ion

A covalently bonded group of atoms that carries an overall electrical charge and behaves as a single unit in reactions.

C (charge) Foundations of Chemistry

Precision

The closeness of repeated measurements of the same quantity to one another, regardless of their accuracy.

RSD = (s / x̄) × 100 Dimensionless Foundations of Chemistry

Pure Substance

Matter with a fixed chemical composition and a definite set of physical properties, comprising either a single element or a single compound.

Dimensionless Foundations of Chemistry

Purity

The mass fraction of the desired substance in a sample, usually expressed as a percentage of the total mass.

purity % = (mass of pure substance / total mass) × 100 Dimensionless