Chemical Equilibrium — 60 Terms Defined

Selective Precipitation Chemical Equilibrium mol/L The separation of ions from a mixture by adding a reagent that precipitates them one at a time.

Simultaneous Equilibria Chemical Equilibrium mol/L Several equilibria existing together in the same solution, all satisfied at once.

Solubility and Ksp Relationship Chemical Equilibrium mol/L The mathematical link between molar solubility and the solubility product of a salt. Ksp = n^n m^m s^(m+n)

Solubility Product Chemical Equilibrium Various The equilibrium constant for the dissolution of a sparingly soluble ionic solid into its constituent ions. Ksp = [A⁺]^m[B⁻]^n

Solvent Extraction Equilibrium Chemical Equilibrium Dimensionless The equilibrium established when a solute is transferred between two immiscible liquid phases in a separating funnel. efficiency = P V₁ / (P V₁ + V₂)

Stability Constant Chemical Equilibrium Various The equilibrium constant for the formation of a complex ion from its metal ion and ligands. K = [MLₙ] / ([M][L]ⁿ)

Static Equilibrium Chemical Equilibrium Dimensionless A state of no change in which the opposing processes have genuinely ceased rather than balancing.

Stepwise Formation Constant Chemical Equilibrium Various The equilibrium constant for the addition of one further ligand to a partially formed complex. K₁, K₂, K₃ …

Thermodynamic Equilibrium Constant Chemical Equilibrium Dimensionless The dimensionless equilibrium constant defined using activities rather than concentrations or pressures. K° = Π a_i^ν

Units of the Equilibrium Constant Chemical Equilibrium Various The dimensions carried by an equilibrium constant, determined by the change in the number of moles in the balanced equation. units = (mol/L)^Δn

Van't Hoff Equation Chemical Equilibrium kJ/mol The equation describing how an equilibrium constant varies with temperature. ln(K₂/K₁) = −ΔH°/R (1/T₂ − 1/T₁)

Vapour–Liquid Equilibrium Chemical Equilibrium Pa The equilibrium between a liquid and its vapour in a closed container at a given temperature. p = p_saturated