Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure
5 terms
Sigma Bond
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure
kJ/mol
A covalent bond formed by the head-on overlap of atomic orbitals, with electron density concentrated along the internuclear axis.
sp Hybridisation
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure
degrees
The mixing of one s and one p orbital to give two linear hybrid orbitals at 180° to each other.
2 hybrids, 180°
sp² Hybridisation
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure
degrees
The mixing of one s and two p orbitals to give three hybrid orbitals in a plane at 120° to each other.
3 hybrids, 120°
sp³ Hybridisation
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure
degrees
The mixing of one s and three p orbitals to give four hybrid orbitals directed towards the corners of a tetrahedron.
4 hybrids, 109.5°
sp³d and sp³d² Hybridisation
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure
degrees
Hybridisation schemes involving d orbitals that give five trigonal bipyramidal or six octahedral hybrid orbitals.
5 or 6 hybrids