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Atomic Structure & Periodicity

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Atomic Structure & Periodicity

s-Block Elements

The elements of groups 1 and 2, plus helium, whose outermost electrons occupy an s orbital.

ns¹ or ns² Dimensionless
Atomic Structure & Periodicity

Schrödinger Wave Equation

The fundamental equation of quantum mechanics whose solutions give the allowed energies and wavefunctions of a system.

Ĥψ = Eψ J
Atomic Structure & Periodicity

Shielding Effect

The reduction in the nuclear attraction felt by an outer electron caused by repulsion from electrons in inner shells.

Z_eff = Z − σ Dimensionless
Atomic Structure & Periodicity

Spin Quantum Number

The quantum number mₛ describing the intrinsic angular momentum of an electron, restricted to +½ or −½.

mₛ = ±½ Dimensionless
Atomic Structure & Periodicity

Successive Ionisation Energies

The series of energies required to remove electrons one after another from the same atom.

IE₁ < IE₂ < IE₃ … kJ/mol