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Economy, Macro & Market Cycles

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Economy, Macro & Market Cycles

Market Cap to GDP Ratio

The total market capitalisation of listed companies divided by the country's gross domestic product.

Market Cap to GDP = Total Market Capitalisation of Listed Companies / Nominal GDP x 100 % Economy, Macro & Market Cycles

Market Crash

A sudden, severe fall in prices across a market, typically over days rather than months.

Test: a broad index falls sharply within a very short period, usually accompanied by a spike in volatility and volume % Economy, Macro & Market Cycles

Market Cycle

The recurring pattern of rising and falling market prices, related to but distinct from the underlying economic cycle.

Phases commonly described as accumulation, mark-up, distribution and mark-down qualitative Economy, Macro & Market Cycles

Market Efficiency

The proposition that prices already reflect available information, so consistently earning excess returns from that information is not…

Forms: weak, where prices reflect past prices; semi-strong, adding public information; strong, adding private information qualitative Economy, Macro & Market Cycles

Monetary Policy

A central bank's management of interest rates and money supply to achieve inflation and growth objectives.

Test: the central bank adjusts policy rates, reserve requirements or liquidity operations to influence credit conditions qualitative Economy, Macro & Market Cycles

Money Supply

The total stock of money in an economy, measured in graduated aggregates from narrow to broad.

M3 = Currency with the Public + Demand Deposits + Time Deposits + Other Deposits with the Reserve Bank ₹ crore