Stochastic vs Deterministic Radiation Effects
The classification of biological radiation damage into probability-driven stochastic risks (cancer) and threshold-driven deterministic tissue reactions (cataracts, erythema).
Governing formula
Stochastic Probability P ∝ Dose; Deterministic Severity ∝ Dose (Threshold D_th)
SI unit
Risk Factor / Dose Threshold (Gy)
In depth
Stochastic effects have no threshold dose; risk increases linearly with dose (linear no-threshold model). Deterministic effects occur only above a clear threshold dose, with severity increasing rapidly above that threshold.
Examples in the real world
Radiation-induced cancer risk as a stochastic effect, vs acute radiation sickness skin burns as a deterministic effect.