Carnot Cycle
An ideal reversible thermodynamic cycle operating between two thermal reservoirs, establishing maximum theoretical efficiency for heat engines.
Governing formula
η_Carnot = 1 - (T_cold / T_hot)
SI unit
Dimensionless (%)
In depth
Consists of four sequential reversible steps: isothermal expansion, adiabatic expansion, isothermal compression, and adiabatic compression.
Examples in the real world
Serving as the theoretical gold standard benchmark for power plant turbines and internal combustion engines.