Allotropy
The property of a chemical element to exist in two or more distinct structural forms in the same physical state.
Governing formula
Structural Phase Transitions: C_diamond ↔ C_graphite
SI unit
Structural Allotropic Forms
In depth
Allotropes possess different crystal bonding geometries and atomic arrangements, imparting vastly different mechanical, electrical, and optical properties despite chemical identity.
Examples in the real world
Carbon existing as hard insulative Diamond, soft conductive Graphite, 2D Graphene, or 0D Buckminsterfullerene (C₆₀).