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Optics

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Optics

Simple Microscope

An optical magnifying instrument consisting of a single converging biconvex lens used to produce an enlarged, upright, virtual image.

M = 1 + (D / f) (Image at near point D) Dimensionless (×)
Optics

Spherical Aberration

An image blur defect in spherical lenses and mirrors where marginal rays focus closer to the element than paraxial central rays.

Δf_spherical = f_marginal - f_paraxial m
Optics

Spherical Mirror

A curved mirror having a reflective surface shaped like a section of a sphere, classified as concave (converging) or convex (diverging).

1/f = 1/v + 1/u, f = R/2 m