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Optics

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Optics

Cartesian Sign Convention

A standardized coordinate rule used in geometric optics to assign consistent algebraic signs to distances, heights, and focal lengths.

Origin at optical center/pole; light travels left to right (+x) N/A
Optics

Cassegrain Telescope

A compact reflecting telescope design combining a concave parabolic primary mirror and a convex hyperbolic secondary mirror.

f_effective = f_primary × (Magnification of secondary) Dimensionless
Optics

Chromatic Aberration

An optical distortion in lenses caused by material dispersion, where different wavelengths of light focus at different spatial positions.

f_blue < f_red (v = c/n(λ)) m
Optics

Compound Microscope

A two-stage optical instrument utilizing a short-focal-length objective lens and a longer-focal-length eyepiece to achieve high…

M_total = m_obj × M_eye ≈ (L / f_obj) × (D / f_eye) Dimensionless (×)
Optics

Critical Angle

The specific angle of incidence in an optically denser medium for which the angle of refraction in the rarer medium is exactly 90 degrees.

θ_c = arcsin(n2 / n1) Degrees (°)