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Classical Mechanics

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Classical Mechanics

Centripetal Acceleration

The inward acceleration of an object moving in a circular path, directed toward the center of curvature.

ac = v² / r = ω² r m/s²
Classical Mechanics

Centripetal Force

The net inward force directed toward the center of curvature that keeps an object moving along a curved or circular path.

Fc = m v² / r = m ω² r N
Classical Mechanics

Circular Motion

The movement of an object along the circumference of a circular path or orbit.

v = ω r, ac = v² / r m/s, rad/s
Classical Mechanics

Coefficient of Restitution

A fractional measure of elasticity in a collision, defined as ratio of relative separation speed to relative approach speed.

e = (v2_f - v1_f) / (v1_i - v2_i) Dimensionless (0 to 1)
Classical Mechanics

Completely Inelastic Collision

A collision in which colliding bodies stick together after impact, moving as a single combined mass with maximum kinetic energy loss.

m1 v1 + m2 v2 = (m1 + m2) Vf kg·m/s, m/s
Classical Mechanics

Conservation of Linear Momentum

The law stating that total linear momentum of an isolated system remains constant if no net external force acts on it.

∑ p_initial = ∑ p_final kg·m/s
Classical Mechanics

Conservative Force

A force for which total work done in moving an object between two points is independent of the path taken.

∮ F · dr = 0, F = -∇ PE N
Classical Mechanics

Continuity Equation

The equation expressing conservation of mass for fluid flow through a pipe or conduit.

A1 v1 = A2 v2 = constant (Volumetric Flow Rate Q) m³/s
Classical Mechanics

Couple

A system of two equal, parallel forces acting in opposite directions whose lines of action do not coincide, producing pure torque without…

τ = F d N·m