Astrophysics, Cosmology & Relativity
4 terms
Red Giant
Astrophysics, Cosmology & Relativity
Solar Radii (R_☉) & Kelvin
A large, luminous star in a late evolutionary stage that has exhausted core hydrogen fuel and expanded its outer envelope.
Radius R ~ 10–100 R_☉, T_surface ~ 3,000–4,500 K
Relativistic Kinetic Energy
Astrophysics, Cosmology & Relativity
Joules or MeV / GeV
The work required to accelerate a massive particle from rest to a relativistic velocity v.
E_k = (γ - 1) m₀ c² = E_total - m₀ c²
Relativistic Momentum
Astrophysics, Cosmology & Relativity
kg·m/s or GeV/c
The linear momentum of an object moving at relativistic speeds, scaled by the Lorentz factor γ.
p = γ m₀ v = m₀ v / √(1 - v²/c²)
Relativistic Time Dilation
Astrophysics, Cosmology & Relativity
Seconds (Time Interval)
The phenomenon where time passes slower for a clock in relative motion compared to a stationary observer's reference clock.
Δt = γ Δt₀ = Δt₀ / √(1 - v²/c²)