Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions — 60 Terms Defined

Saponification Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions Dimensionless The alkaline hydrolysis of an ester, particularly a triglyceride, to give a carboxylate salt and an alcohol. RCOOR′ + NaOH → RCOONa + R′OH

Single Displacement Reaction Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions Dimensionless A reaction in which a more reactive element replaces a less reactive one from its compound. A + BC → AC + B

Smelting Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions °C The reduction of a metal oxide to the metal by heating with a reducing agent, usually carbon or carbon monoxide. MO + C → M + CO

Solubility Rules Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions Dimensionless A set of empirical guidelines predicting whether an ionic compound will dissolve appreciably in water.

Spectator Ion Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions Dimensionless An ion present in a reaction mixture that undergoes no chemical change and appears identically on both sides of the equation.

Stoichiometric Coefficient Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions Dimensionless The number written before a formula in a balanced equation, giving the relative amount of that substance consumed or produced.

Stoichiometric Mixture Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions mol A mixture of reactants present in exactly the proportions required by the balanced equation, with no reactant in excess. n_A : n_B = a : b

Stoichiometry Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions mol The quantitative study of the mass and mole relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. n_A / a = n_B / b

Substitution Reaction Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions Dimensionless A reaction in which one atom or group in a molecule is replaced by another. R–X + Y → R–Y + X

Theoretical Yield Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions g The maximum mass of product that could be obtained from a given quantity of limiting reagent, assuming complete conversion. m = n(limiting) × ratio × M

Thermal Decomposition Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions °C The breakdown of a compound into simpler substances brought about solely by heating. AB →(Δ) A + B

Thermite Reaction Stoichiometry & Chemical Reactions kJ/mol A highly exothermic reaction in which aluminium powder reduces a metal oxide to the molten metal. Fe₂O₃ + 2Al → 2Fe + Al₂O₃