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Chemical Equilibrium

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Chemical Equilibrium

Debye–Hückel Limiting Law

The theoretical relation predicting activity coefficients of ions in very dilute solution from their charge and the ionic strength.

log γ = −A z² √I Dimensionless
Chemical Equilibrium

Degree of Dissociation

The fraction of the original substance that has broken apart at equilibrium.

α = amount dissociated / initial amount Dimensionless
Chemical Equilibrium

Dissociation Constant

The equilibrium constant for the breaking apart of a compound or complex into smaller species.

Kd = [A][B] / [AB] mol/L
Chemical Equilibrium

Distribution Law

The principle that a solute distributes itself between two immiscible solvents in a constant ratio at fixed temperature.

K_D = C_organic / C_aqueous Dimensionless
Chemical Equilibrium

Dynamic Equilibrium

An equilibrium in which opposing processes continue at the molecular level but at equal and opposite rates.

rate_forward = rate_reverse Dimensionless