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Atomic Structure & Periodicity

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Atomic Structure & Periodicity

Halogens

The group 17 elements — fluorine through astatine — which are one electron short of a full outer shell.

ns² np⁵ Dimensionless
Atomic Structure & Periodicity

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

The principle that the position and momentum of a particle cannot both be known to arbitrary precision at the same time.

Δx · Δp ≥ h / 4π J·s
Atomic Structure & Periodicity

Hund's Rule of Maximum Multiplicity

The rule that electrons occupy degenerate orbitals singly with parallel spins before any orbital is doubly occupied.

maximise total spin S Dimensionless