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Acids, Bases & Salts

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Acids, Bases & Salts

Indicator Range

The span of pH over which an indicator's colour visibly changes, roughly one unit either side of its pKa.

pH = pK_In ± 1 Dimensionless
Acids, Bases & Salts

Ionic Product of Water

The equilibrium constant for the self-ionisation of water, equal to the product of the hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations.

Kw = [H⁺][OH⁻] = 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁴ mol²/L²