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Acids, Bases & Salts

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Acids, Bases & Salts

Base

A substance that accepts protons, produces hydroxide ions in water, or donates a pair of electrons.

B + H⁺ → BH⁺ Dimensionless Acids, Bases & Salts

Base Dissociation Constant

The equilibrium constant for the reaction of a base with water to produce hydroxide ions.

Kb = [BH⁺][OH⁻] / [B] mol/L Acids, Bases & Salts

Basic Buffer

A buffer made from a weak base and one of its salts, giving a pH above 7.

pOH = pKb + log([salt]/[base]) Dimensionless Acids, Bases & Salts

Basic Salt

A salt whose aqueous solution has a pH above 7, or one that retains a hydroxide group.

Dimensionless Acids, Bases & Salts

Basic Solution

A solution in which the hydroxide ion concentration exceeds the hydrogen ion concentration.

[OH⁻] > [H⁺] mol/L Acids, Bases & Salts

Brønsted–Lowry Theory

The theory defining an acid as a proton donor and a base as a proton acceptor.

HA + B ⇌ A⁻ + BH⁺ Dimensionless Acids, Bases & Salts

Buffer Capacity

The amount of strong acid or base a buffer can absorb before its pH changes appreciably.

β = dn / d(pH) mol/L Acids, Bases & Salts

Buffer Range

The span of pH values over which a buffer works effectively, conventionally one unit either side of its pKa.

pH = pKa ± 1 Dimensionless Acids, Bases & Salts

Buffer Solution

A solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.

Dimensionless