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Results for “Beta”

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Risk & Portfolio Management

Beta

A measure of how much an asset's return moves relative to the market's, on average.

Beta = Covariance of Asset and Market Returns / Variance of Market Returns ratio (x, times)
Funds, ETFs & Index Investing

Smart Beta

A rules-based index strategy that weights constituents by a chosen factor rather than by market capitalisation.

Test: constituent weights are determined by a published rule based on a factor such as value, quality, momentum, low volatility or equal weight qualitative
Risk & Portfolio Management

Treynor Ratio

Return above the risk-free rate per unit of systematic risk, measured by beta.

Treynor Ratio = (Portfolio Return - Risk-Free Rate) / Portfolio Beta ratio (x, times)
Fundamental Analysis & Valuation

Capital Asset Pricing Model

A model that estimates the return required on an asset as the risk-free rate plus a premium proportional to its market risk.

Expected Return = Risk-Free Rate + Beta x (Expected Market Return - Risk-Free Rate) %
Market Basics & Instruments

Defensive Stock

A share whose earnings hold up through downturns because demand for its products barely changes with the economy.

Test: earnings show low correlation with GDP growth, typically in consumer staples, pharmaceuticals or utilities qualitative
Risk & Portfolio Management

R-Squared

The proportion of a portfolio's return variation that is explained by movements in its benchmark.

R-Squared = Square of the Correlation between Portfolio and Benchmark Returns, expressed as a percentage %
Risk & Portfolio Management

Systematic Risk

Risk affecting the entire market that cannot be removed by diversification.

Test: the risk arises from factors common to all assets, such as interest rates, inflation, policy or global shocks qualitative
Risk & Portfolio Management

Alpha

The return earned above what an asset's risk exposure would have predicted.

Alpha = Actual Return - [Risk-Free Rate + Beta x (Market Return - Risk-Free Rate)] %
Fundamental Analysis & Valuation

Cost of Equity

The return shareholders require for bearing the risk of owning a company's shares.

Cost of Equity = Risk-Free Rate + Beta x Equity Risk Premium %
Risk & Portfolio Management

Hedging

Taking an offsetting position to reduce the loss an existing exposure would suffer from an adverse move.

Hedge Ratio = Value of Exposure x Beta / Contract Value of the Hedging Instrument ratio (x, times)
Derivatives, Futures & Options

Index Futures

A futures contract whose underlying is a stock market index rather than a single security.

Contract Value = Index Level x Lot Size; settlement is in cash against the final index value