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Subsidiary Corporate Actions, Dividends & Governance qualitative A company controlled by another company, whose accounts are consolidated line by line into the parent's. Test: the parent controls the composition of the board or holds more than one half of the total voting power Sum-of-the-Parts Valuation Fundamental Analysis & Valuation ₹ crore Valuing a diversified company by valuing each business separately and adding the results, less net debt and holding-company costs. Value = Sum of (Value of Each Segment) + Value of Investments - Net Debt - Holding Company Discount Sunk Cost Fallacy Market Psychology & Behavioural Finance qualitative Continuing with a course of action because of resources already committed, rather than because of expected future returns. Test: the decision to continue references money, time or effort already spent, which cannot be recovered by continuing Supertrend Indicators & Oscillators ₹ A trailing band plotted at a multiple of average true range from the midpoint of price, flipping sides when price crosses it. Upper Band = (High + Low) / 2 + Multiplier x ATR; Lower Band = (High + Low) / 2 - Multiplier x ATR Support Technical Analysis & Chart Patterns ₹ A price level at which buying has previously been sufficient to halt a decline. Test: price has reversed upward from approximately this level on at least two prior occasions Survivorship Bias Market Psychology & Behavioural Finance % Drawing conclusions from a sample that includes only the entities that survived, omitting those that failed. Test: the dataset excludes delisted, merged or closed entities, so the surviving sample's average overstates the true population average Swap Ratio Corporate Actions, Dividends & Governance ratio (x, times) The number of acquirer shares issued for each share of the target in a share-based merger. Swap Ratio = Value per Target Share / Value per Acquirer Share, as determined by the valuers Sweat Equity Corporate Actions, Dividends & Governance qualitative Shares issued to employees or directors at a discount, or for non-cash consideration such as know-how or value addition. Test: shares are issued to employees or directors for consideration other than cash, or at a discount, under a special resolution Swing High and Swing Low Indicators & Oscillators ₹ A local peak or trough defined by a stated number of lower highs or higher lows on either side of it. Swing High: a high greater than the n highs before it and the n highs after it; Swing Low: the mirror condition Swing Trading Market Basics & Instruments qualitative Holding a position for several days to a few weeks in order to capture one directional move in the price. Test: holding period spans multiple sessions but well under a year, with the exit defined by a price target or stop rather than by a valuation view Symmetrical Triangle Technical Analysis & Chart Patterns qualitative A formation with a falling upper boundary and a rising lower boundary converging at similar angles. Test: successively lower highs and successively higher lows converging toward an apex Synthetic Position Derivatives, Futures & Options qualitative A combination of options and the underlying that reproduces the payoff of a different single instrument. Synthetic Long = Long Call + Short Put at the same strike and expiry; Synthetic Short = Short Call + Long Put Systematic Investment Plan Funds, ETFs & Index Investing ₹ An arrangement to invest a fixed amount in a mutual fund at regular intervals, usually monthly. Future Value = Instalment x [((1 + r) raised to n - 1) / r] x (1 + r), where r is the periodic return and n the number of instalments Systematic Risk Risk & Portfolio Management qualitative Risk affecting the entire market that cannot be removed by diversification. Test: the risk arises from factors common to all assets, such as interest rates, inflation, policy or global shocks Systematic Transfer Plan Funds, ETFs & Index Investing ₹ An arrangement to move a fixed amount at regular intervals from one scheme to another within the same fund house. Test: units are redeemed from the source scheme and invested in the target scheme on a stated schedule Systematic Withdrawal Plan Funds, ETFs & Index Investing ₹ An arrangement to redeem a fixed amount from a mutual fund at regular intervals. Units Redeemed each period = Withdrawal Amount / NAV on the withdrawal date