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Domestic Institutional Flows Economy, Macro & Market Cycles ₹ crore Net purchases or sales of Indian securities by domestic mutual funds, insurers and pension funds. Net Flow = Value of Purchases - Value of Sales by domestic institutions over the period Donchian Channel Indicators & Oscillators Bands drawn at the highest high and lowest low of the last n periods, with a midline between them. Upper Channel = Highest High over n periods; Lower Channel = Lowest Low over n periods; Middle = average of the two Double Bottom Technical Analysis & Chart Patterns qualitative Two troughs at approximately the same price separated by a peak, forming a W shape on the chart. Test: two lows within a small percentage of each other, separated by a rally to an intervening high that is later exceeded Double Top Technical Analysis & Chart Patterns qualitative Two peaks at approximately the same price separated by a trough, forming an M shape on the chart. Test: two highs within a small percentage of each other, separated by a decline to an intervening low that is later breached Dow Theory Technical Analysis & Chart Patterns qualitative An early framework holding that markets move in primary, secondary and minor trends, and that indices must confirm one another. Test: a primary trend is established when successive peaks and troughs move in one direction and a second related index confirms the same direction Downside Risk Risk & Portfolio Management % The dispersion of returns below a target level, ignoring variation above it. Downside Deviation = square root of the average of squared shortfalls below the target return Downtrend Technical Analysis & Chart Patterns qualitative A price sequence in which each significant high is below the previous high and each significant low is below the previous low. Test: current swing high < previous swing high, and current swing low < previous swing low Drawdown Risk & Portfolio Management % The decline in a portfolio's value from a previous peak to a subsequent trough, expressed as a percentage. Drawdown = (Peak Value - Current Value) / Peak Value x 100 Dunning-Kruger Effect Market Psychology & Behavioural Finance qualitative The tendency for people with limited competence in a domain to overestimate their ability in it. Test: self-assessed ability is highest relative to actual ability among the least skilled, because assessing skill requires the skill itself DuPont Analysis Fundamental Analysis & Valuation % A decomposition of return on equity into profit margin, asset turnover and financial leverage, showing what drives the return. ROE = Net Profit Margin x Asset Turnover x Equity Multiplier = (Profit/Sales) x (Sales/Assets) x (Assets/Equity) Duration Bonds & Fixed Income years A measure of how sensitive a bond's price is to a change in interest rates. Approximate Price Change % = -Modified Duration x Change in Yield in percentage points