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Risk & Portfolio Management

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Risk & Portfolio Management

R-Squared

The proportion of a portfolio's return variation that is explained by movements in its benchmark.

R-Squared = Square of the Correlation between Portfolio and Benchmark Returns, expressed as a percentage % Risk & Portfolio Management

Rebalancing

Restoring a portfolio to its target weights by selling what has grown beyond them and buying what has fallen below.

Test: weights are returned to target on a schedule, or whenever a weight drifts beyond a stated tolerance band % Risk & Portfolio Management

Risk

The possibility that an investment's actual outcome differs from what was expected, including permanent loss of capital.

Test: the range of possible outcomes is wide, and at least some of those outcomes are materially worse than the expected one qualitative Risk & Portfolio Management

Risk Capacity

How much loss an investor can absorb financially without their plans failing.

Test: the loss that could be sustained while still meeting known obligations from other resources and income % Risk & Portfolio Management

Risk Management

The practice of identifying, measuring and limiting the losses a portfolio can suffer.

Test: a maximum acceptable loss is defined in advance, and position sizes are set so that it cannot be exceeded in normal conditions qualitative Risk & Portfolio Management

Risk of Ruin

The probability that a series of losses reduces capital below the level needed to continue.

Rises with the fraction of capital risked per position, with the loss rate, and falls with the ratio of average win to average loss % Risk & Portfolio Management

Risk Tolerance

How much volatility and loss an investor is emotionally willing to endure without abandoning their plan.

Test: the largest decline the investor would hold through without selling, judged by past behaviour rather than by stated intention % Risk & Portfolio Management

Risk-Free Rate

The return available on an investment considered to carry no default risk, used as the baseline for all other returns.

Test: the instrument is a sovereign obligation in the domestic currency, with maturity matching the horizon being analysed % Risk & Portfolio Management

Risk-Reward Ratio

The ratio of a position's intended gain to the loss that would be taken if the thesis fails.

Risk-Reward Ratio = (Target Price - Entry Price) / (Entry Price - Stop Price) ratio (x, times)