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Orders, Execution & Market Structure

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Orders, Execution & Market Structure

Settlement Cycle

The number of trading days between a trade's execution and the actual exchange of securities and money.

Settlement Date = Trade Date + N trading days, where N is 1 for the Indian T+1 equity cycle days
Orders, Execution & Market Structure

Short Delivery

A failure to deliver securities to the clearing corporation by the settlement deadline after having sold them.

Test: the seller's demat balance is insufficient at pay-in, so the sold quantity is not delivered on the settlement date qualitative
Orders, Execution & Market Structure

Slippage

The difference between the price expected when an order is sent and the price at which it actually executes.

Slippage = Actual Average Execution Price - Intended Price (sign adjusted for buy or sell)
Orders, Execution & Market Structure

Square Off

Closing an open position by taking the opposite trade in the same quantity, leaving no net exposure.

Test: net position in the security becomes zero after the offsetting trade qualitative
Orders, Execution & Market Structure

Stop-Limit Order

A stop order that, once triggered, enters the book as a limit order at a stated price rather than as a market order.

Test: the order carries both a trigger price and a limit price; the limit governs the worst acceptable fill qualitative
Orders, Execution & Market Structure

Stop-Loss Order

A resting instruction that becomes an active order only once the price reaches a stated trigger level, used to cap a loss.

For a long position: trigger below the entry price; for a short position: trigger above it qualitative