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Fundamental Analysis & Valuation

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Fundamental Analysis & Valuation

Financial Leverage

The use of borrowed money to increase the return on shareholders' capital, and the risk that comes with it.

Equity Multiplier = Total Assets / Shareholders' Equity; Degree of Financial Leverage = Percentage Change in Net Profit / Percentage Change in Operating Profit ratio (x, times)
Fundamental Analysis & Valuation

Forward Price-to-Earnings

The price-to-earnings ratio computed using forecast earnings for a future period rather than reported ones.

Forward P/E = Current Market Price / Estimated Earnings per Share for the Forecast Period ratio (x, times)
Fundamental Analysis & Valuation

Free Cash Flow to Equity

The cash available to shareholders after operating costs, capital expenditure, debt interest and net debt movements.

FCFE = Free Cash Flow to Firm - Interest x (1 - Tax Rate) + Net New Borrowing ₹ crore
Fundamental Analysis & Valuation

Free Cash Flow to Firm

The cash generated by operations available to all capital providers, before any payments to lenders or shareholders.

FCFF = EBIT x (1 - Tax Rate) + Depreciation and Amortisation - Capital Expenditure - Increase in Working Capital ₹ crore
Fundamental Analysis & Valuation

Free Cash Flow Yield

Free cash flow expressed as a percentage of market capitalisation or enterprise value.

Free Cash Flow Yield = Free Cash Flow / Market Capitalisation x 100 %
Fundamental Analysis & Valuation

Fundamental Analysis

The study of a company's financial statements, industry and economics in order to estimate what its shares are worth.

Test: the conclusion rests on the issuer's business economics rather than on the behaviour of its price qualitative