Seismology
The scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of mechanical elastic waves through the Earth's interior and surface layers.
Governing formula
v_p = √((K + ⁴/₃ μ) / ρ), v_s = √(μ / ρ)
SI unit
m/s (Wave Speeds)
In depth
Seismology uses elastic waves generated by earthquakes or controlled explosions as a diagnostic tomographic probe of Earth's interior. Analyzing primary (P-wave) and secondary (S-wave) travel times reveals major interior density boundaries and material phases (crust, mantle, liquid outer core, solid inner core).
Examples in the real world
Seismograph networks monitoring fault lines to issue early earthquake warnings and map subduction zones.