Hawking Radiation
Thermal blackbody radiation predicted to be emitted by black holes due to quantum field fluctuations near the event horizon.
Governing formula
T_H = ℏ c³ / (8 π G M k_B), P = ℏ c⁶ / (15360 π G² M²)
SI unit
Kelvin (Blackbody Temperature T_H)
In depth
Formulated by Stephen Hawking in 1974. Virtual particle-antiparticle pairs near the horizon can separate, with one falling in and the other escaping with positive energy, causing the black hole to lose mass and slowly evaporate.
Examples in the real world
Microscopic black holes evaporating rapidly via high-temperature Hawking radiation.