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Optics

Refraction

The bending of a light ray as it passes obliquely from one transparent medium into another with a different refractive index.

n1 sin θ1 = n2 sin θ2 (Snell's Law) Dimensionless (n)
Optics

Rainbow Formation

An optical meteorological phenomenon caused by reflection, refraction, and chromatic dispersion of sunlight inside raindrops.

θ_primary ≈ 42° (Red outer, violet inner) Degrees (°)