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Quantum & Atomic Physics

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Quantum & Atomic Physics

Casimir Effect

An attractive physical force acting between two uncharged parallel conductive plates in vacuum, arising from quantum vacuum fluctuations.

F / A = - (π² ℏ c) / (240 d⁴) N/m² (Pressure) Quantum & Atomic Physics

Commutator

A mathematical operator evaluating whether two quantum mechanical operators commute with one another.

[Â, B̂] =  B̂ - B̂  Product Unit of  and B̂ Quantum & Atomic Physics

Compton Effect

The decrease in energy (increase in wavelength) of an X-ray or gamma-ray photon when scattered by a stationary electron.

Δλ = λ' - λ = (h / (m_e c)) (1 - cos θ) m or pm (Wavelength Increase)