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Optics

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Optics

Laser

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation—a device producing coherent, monochromatic, highly directional, high-intensity…

E = h ν, Population Inversion N2 > N1 W (or J)
Optics

Lens Maker's Formula

An equation relating a thin lens's focal length to its material refractive index and the radii of curvature of its two spherical surfaces.

1/f = (n - 1) [ (1/R1) - (1/R2) ] m⁻¹ (Diopters)
Optics

Luminous Flux

A photometric quantity measuring total perceived power of light emitted by a source, weighted by human eye spectral sensitivity.

Φ_v = 683 ∫ P(λ) V(λ) dλ Lumens (lm)