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Optics

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Optics

Acceptance Angle

The maximum angle relative to the fiber axis at which incident light can enter the fiber core and undergo total internal reflection.

θ_a = arcsin(NA) = arcsin(√(n1² - n2²)) Degrees (°)
Optics

Accommodation of the Eye

The automatic adjustment process by which ciliary muscles alter crystalline lens focal length to focus objects at varying distances onto…

Power range ΔP = P_near - P_far Diopters (D)
Optics

Angle of Deviation

The angle between the direction of an incident light ray entering an optical element (like a prism) and its emerging direction.

δ = i1 + i2 - A Degrees (°)
Optics

Astigmatism

A visual defect caused by non-spherical, asymmetric curvature of the cornea or lens, preventing rays in different planes from focusing at a…

Power difference = P_vertical - P_horizontal Diopters (D)
Optics

Astronomical Telescope

A refracting optical instrument consisting of a long-focal-length objective lens and short-focal-length eyepiece used to observe distant…

M = -f_obj / f_eye, Tube Length L = f_obj + f_eye Dimensionless (×)
Optics

Attenuation

The loss of optical power or signal strength as light propagates through a medium or optical fiber.

α = (10 / L) log10(P_in / P_out) dB/km