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Geophysics & Environmental Physics

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Geophysics & Environmental Physics

Paleoclimatology

The scientific study of Earth's past climate conditions across geologic history using indirect environmental proxy records.

Climate Proxies: Ice Cores, Tree Rings, Coral δ¹⁸O, Speleothems Geologic Climate History Geophysics & Environmental Physics

Paleomagnetism

The study of the historical record and orientation of Earth's magnetic field preserved in iron-bearing minerals in rocks, sediments, or…

Remanent Magnetization Vector (Declination & Inclination) Degrees (° Declination / Inclination) Geophysics & Environmental Physics

Plate Tectonics

The unifying geophysical theory stating that Earth's rigid outer lithosphere is divided into major tectonic plates drifting over the…

Plate Motion Velocity v_plate ~ 1–10 cm/year cm/year (Plate Drift Speed) Geophysics & Environmental Physics

Precession of the Equinoxes

The slow continuous conical rotation of Earth's rotational axis in space, taking ~25,800 years to complete one full cycle.

Precession Period T ≈ 25,772 years (Axial Wobble Rate ~ 50.3″/year) Years per Cycle (~25,800 years)