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Geophysics & Environmental Physics

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Geophysics & Environmental Physics

Earth's Energy Budget

The precise balance between incoming solar radiation absorbed by Earth and outgoing thermal infrared radiation emitted back into space.

F_solar (340 W/m²) = F_reflected (100 W/m²) + F_emitted_IR (240 W/m²) W/m² (Watts per square meter) Geophysics & Environmental Physics

Earth's Inner Core

The solid, innermost spherical core of Earth composed primarily of a crystallized iron-nickel alloy at intense pressure.

Radius R ≈ 1220 km, Pressure P ≈ 330–360 GPa GPa (Pressure) & Kelvin (~5700 K) Geophysics & Environmental Physics

Earth's Outer Core

The fluid interior layer of Earth ~2,260 km thick composed of liquid iron-nickel alloy surrounding the solid inner core.

Radius ~ 3480 km to 1220 km (Liquid Iron-Nickel Alloy) Pa·s (Liquid Viscosity ~10⁻³ Pa·s)