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Electromagnetism & Electronics

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Parallel Circuit Electromagnetism & Electronics Ω (Ohms) An electrical circuit topology in which components are connected across common voltage nodes, offering multiple parallel paths for current. 1 / R_total = (1/R₁) + (1/R₂) + (1/R₃), V_total = V₁ = V₂ = V₃ Paramagnetism Electromagnetism & Electronics Dimensionless (χ_m > 0) A weak form of magnetism in which materials with unpaired electrons are weakly attracted into an external magnetic field. χ_m = C / T (Curie's Law) Power Factor Electromagnetism & Electronics Dimensionless (0 to 1) The ratio of real power dissipated by an AC circuit to the apparent power delivered by the supply. PF = cos φ = P_real / S_apparent = R / Z Poynting Vector Electromagnetism & Electronics W/m² (Watts per square meter) A vector representing the directional energy flux density (power per unit area) transported by an electromagnetic field. S = (1 / μ₀) (E × B)