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Condensed Matter & Materials Physics

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Condensed Matter & Materials Physics

Topological Insulator

A quantum material that behaves as an electrical insulator in its 3D interior bulk but features robust conducting metallic states on its 2D…

Z₂ Topological Invariant ν = 1 Quantum Phase Class Condensed Matter & Materials Physics

Type I & II Superconductors

The classification of superconductors based on their magnetic field response and flux penetration characteristics.

Type I: Single H_c; Type II: Lower H_c1 and Upper H_c2 T or A/m (Critical Magnetic Field)