Condensed Matter & Materials Physics
8 terms
Seebeck Effect
Condensed Matter & Materials Physics
μV/K (Seebeck Coefficient S)
The direct conversion of a temperature gradient into an electrical voltage across a conductor or semiconductor.
V = S ΔT = S (T_hot - T_cold)
Semiconductor
Condensed Matter & Materials Physics
S/m (Electrical Conductivity)
A class of crystalline solids possessing electrical conductivity between that of conductors and insulators, controllable by temperature, light, or doping.
σ = e (n μ_e + p μ_h), n_i = √(N_c N_v) e^(-E_g / (2 k_B T))
Shape Memory Alloys
Condensed Matter & Materials Physics
% (Recoverable Superelastic Strain)
A class of smart metallic alloys that can be deformed when cold, but return to their original pre-deformed shape when heated above a transition temperature.
Reversible Austenite (High T) ↔ Martensite (Low T) Phase Shift
Spin Glass
Condensed Matter & Materials Physics
Disordered Magnetic Phase
A disordered magnetic state characterized by random, competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions that freeze atomic spins into a frustrated, non-periodic spatial orientation.
Frustrated Exchange Interaction J_ij
Superalloys
Condensed Matter & Materials Physics
High Temperature Strength (MPa at >800 °C)
High-performance metallic alloys engineered to maintain exceptional mechanical strength, creep resistance, and oxidation resistance at high operational temperatures.
γ' Phase Precipitation: Ni₃(Al, Ti)
Superconductivity
Condensed Matter & Materials Physics
K (Critical Temperature T_c)
A macroscopic quantum state of matter where certain materials exhibit exactly zero electrical DC resistance and complete expulsion of magnetic fields below a critical temperature T_c.
R = 0 (for T < T_c), B = 0 (Meissner expulsion)
Superfluidity
Condensed Matter & Materials Physics
K (Lambda Transition Temperature)
A macroscopic quantum state of matter where a fluid flows with exactly zero viscosity and zero kinetic entropy.
Viscosity η = 0 (Below Lambda point T_λ = 2.17 K)
Surface Energy
Condensed Matter & Materials Physics
J/m² or N/m
The excess thermodynamic energy at the surface of a material relative to its interior bulk, caused by disrupted, incomplete atomic bonds.
γ = dW / dA