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Astrophysics, Cosmology & Relativity

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Astrophysics, Cosmology & Relativity

Main Sequence

The continuous evolutionary diagonal band on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram containing stars fusing hydrogen into helium in their cores.

L ∝ M^3.5 (Mass-Luminosity Relation) H-R Diagram Band
Astrophysics, Cosmology & Relativity

Mass-Energy Equivalence

The fundamental relativistic principle stating that mass and energy are directly proportional and interchangeable physical quantities.

E = m c² = γ m₀ c² Joules or MeV / GeV
Astrophysics, Cosmology & Relativity

Minkowski Space

The flat four-dimensional spacetime manifold combining 3D Euclidean space and time used to formulate Special Relativity.

ds² = -c² dt² + dx² + dy² + dz² Flat 4D Spacetime Metric
Astrophysics, Cosmology & Relativity

Multiverse

A hypothetical set of multiple co-existing universes that together comprise all of physical reality.

Cosmic Inflation Bubble Universes & Many-Worlds Everett Branching Cosmological Hypothesis