Pattern
A repeating arrangement of shapes, lines, colours or objects across the frame.
In depth
Pattern turns a photograph into a graphic surface rather than a window, which is why it usually works best flat-on and edge to edge — any visible boundary reintroduces the sense of an object in space. The eye enjoys repetition briefly and then looks for a variation, which is why pure pattern rarely sustains a picture on its own.
Examples in practice
A wall of identical windows shot square-on fills the frame with rhythm and no sense of scale or depth.