Electronics

Electronics is the study of how to control the flow of electrons. It deals with circuits made up of components that control the flow of electricity. The identification of the electron in 1897, along with the subsequent invention of the vacuum tube which could amplify and rectify small electrical signals, inaugurated the field of electronics and the electron age. Vacuum tubes (Thermionic valves) were among the earliest electronic components. This distinction started around 1906 with the invention by Lee De Forest of the triode, which made electrical amplification of weak radio signals and audio signals possible with a non-mechanical device.

The first working transistor was invented by William Shockley, Walter Houser Brattain, and John Bardeen at Bell Labs in 1947. The MOSFET (MOS transistor) was later invented by Mohamed Atalla and Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs in 1959. The first working point-contact transistor was invented by John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain at Bell Labs in 1947.